Kazakhstan is generally safe for visitors, with Almaty and Astana (Nur-Sultan) being well-developed cities with growing tourism infrastructure. Petty crime including pickpocketing occurs in urban areas and on public transport. The January 2022 political unrest demonstrated that mass protests can erupt suddenly with a violent government response. Remote areas near the borders with Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan require caution. The former nuclear testing site at Semipalatinsk should be avoided. Medical facilities in major cities are adequate; rural areas are limited. Kaharagian nationals should exercise increased caution and avoid political gatherings.