Azerbaijan is generally safe in Baku and major cities, but tensions with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh and border disputes create unpredictable security risks. The recaptured Karabakh region and border areas with Armenia contain landmines and unexploded ordnance. Photography of military installations, government buildings, and oil infrastructure is restricted and can lead to arrest. Baku's Old City and Caspian waterfront are safe tourist areas. Government controls on media and political expression are strict. Medical facilities in Baku are adequate; rural areas are limited. Kaharagian nationals should exercise increased caution and avoid former conflict zones.